Project

            SWITCH

Switch is a computer networking device that is used to connect many devices together on a computer network also it called network switch. A switch is considered more advanced than a hub because a switch will on send msg to device that needs or request it.Switches are a type of networking device similar to hubs,which connect network equipment together.In today's high-performance network environment switches have replace both hubs and bridges.

 ● What is a switch networking?

= > In a network, a switch is a hardware device that filters and forwards network packets from one networking devics (switch, rrouter, computer, server etc) to another. It is widely used in local area networks (LANş)  to send each incoming message frame by looking at the physical device address, known as the Media Access Control address(MAC).

Actually, a switch is considered as a multiport network bridge that uses hardware addresses to process and    forward data at the data link layer of  the OSI model. Some switches can also process data at the network layer by combining routing function.Such switches or multilayer switches.

● Uses of switch in networking:

                   It's uses MAC address of network cards  to  route packets to the correct port.

● function of switch in networking:

=> They are:

° Saving cost

° easy installation

° low latency

° Eliminating collision

● Some of the Features of the network switches are as follows:

° It operates at layer-2( data link layer).

° Operates is full duplex mode.

° Packet collision is avoided due to port to port data transmission.

° It is available in various configurations and as per data transfers speeds such as 10/100/1000Mbps or 10/100Gbps.

Types of the network switches are:

i) Unmanaged switch

ii) Managed switch

I) Unmanaged switch:

                       In networking, an unmanaged switch is used to achieve basic connectivity without any configuration interface or options. 

II) Managed switch:

                        Comparing with an unmanaged switch, the managed switch also called smart switchea as they need. It brings greater security and targeted networking to users.

● Although you can use the ports on the back of a router or modem to connect a few Ethernet devices together, switches offer a number of  its advantages:

° Switches allow us to connect dozens of devices.

° Switches allows us to monitor usage.

° Switches keep traffic between two devices from getting in the way of our other devices on the same network.

° Switches allow communication that's even faster than the Internet.

¤ Switches allow to control who access to various parts of the network.

● It's disadvantages:

° They are more expensive comapre to network  bridges.

° Broadcast traffic may be troublesome.

° Network connectivity issues are difficult to be traced through the  network switch.

° Proper design and configuration is needed in order to handle multicast packets.

°  If switches are in promiscuous mode, they are vulnerable to security attacks e.g. spoofing IP address or capturing or ethernet frames. 

            THANKYOU !!!

Experience

          MY 
            WINTER
                  VACATION!!

From poush 15 our winter vacation begins.
On 19th poush our schools  has organized the tour for grade 9. I want to go but my mother's not allowed me to go because of some problem. But I have spend my winter vacation in my village. I don't want to go but she has to make nagrita to complete her studies.

• 1st day :-
           Mom started to scold me because I woke up late. Then, my old friends came to my home & call me to play football. After, playing football I returned home.

• 2nd day:- 
             I helped my mother to wash clothes& utensils. Then, After finishing work  I watch TV& I sleep.

• 3rd day:-
          I taught homework to brother. By finishing homework we brothers started to look football match.

• 4th day:-
         I went mamaghar. I met my  mama, maiju, didi venjau, bajey,boju I became very happy.

• 5th day:-
           I went my old school & I met my old friends. We have our own 13,14 group.
One place which we were reserved said thela.  Everyfriends were very silent I thought why they are silent. But they want to give me suprised sisters gave me one beautiful gift bala this suprise/memories I would never forget it. 

• 6th day:- 
               I feel Bored and I started to practice for  dance.

• 7th day:- 
            I went bazar with my sister and brother. While we were returning home, We saw one bike accident. There were 2 people in bike. One people get very badly accident. Another people his hand fractured.

• 8th day:-
         I watch flim with brother whole day.

• 9th day:-

         Friends call me to play i went outside it was very cold the weather it was not good. At last playing football we all friends started to collect money to buy junkfoods. 

• 10th day:-
          I sleeped whole day because of common cold.
         

▪︎WAP to find area of circle.

-> CLS
INPUT "Enter the Radius"; R
A = 22/7*R^2
PRINT "Area of circle="; A
End

▪︎WAP to find Reverse digits.

-> CLS
INPUT "Enter any number"; N
S = 0
WHILE N<> 0
R = N MOD 10
S = S*10+R
N = N\10
WEND
PRINT "Reverse of digits="; S
END

▪︎WAP to display 1,12,123,1234,12345.

->CLS 
FOR I = 1 TO 5
FOR J = 1 TO I
PRINT J ;
NEXT J
PRINT 
NEXT I
END

▪︎WAP to display 1,1,2,3,5...10th term.

-> CLS
FOR I = 1 TO 5
FOR J = 1 TO I
NEXT I ;
NEXT J
PRINT
NEXT I 
END

▪︎WAP 5,10,15,20...10th term

->CLS
A= 5
FOR I = 1 TO 10
PRINT A
A= A+5
NEXT I
END